AI Links

= AI in Information Retrieval and NLP =

General Resources

 * Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval, resources, conferences, mailing lists ...
 * SearchTools.com: Information Retrieval Research
 * Web IR and IE, great site  Resources   Mailing Lists   Newsgroups   Related sites
 * Christopher Manning links, Stanford. Statistical natural language processing and corpus-based computational linguistics: An annotated list of resources and Intro to Information Retrieval book.
 * IR links (Kraft)
 * IRSG.eu.org
 * IBM NLP
 * Microsoft IR  Microsoft NLP
 * Introduction to Information Extraction Technology (D. Appelt)
 * Document Indexing Tutorial for Information Retrieval Students and Search Engine Marketers
 * RISE: Repository of Online Information Sources Used in Information Extraction Tasks
 * The Natural Language Processing Dictionary
 * Brandeis unified lexical browser (BULB)
 * Consortium for Lexical Research (frozen)
 * Digital Libraries: NSF, second phase
 * Linguistic Data Consortium
 * Machine Learning and Information Retrieval - Belew, Shavlik
 * TextMining.org, news and resources

Introductory texts, talks and courses

 * Text Data Mining, by Marti A. Hearst
 * Text to Data using ML, course by william Cohen, CM.

Conferences, IR & NLP

 * AI, CogSci and Robotics: List of Conference Lists, Organisers and Past Papers
 * TREC (Text REtrieval Conference), NIST "the conference helps translate theory into practice, and provides an objective testbed".
 * Web IR and IE Conference List  Online proceedings
 * Machine Learning & Information Extraction Workshops.
 * NAFIPS, North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society.
 * PAKDD 2006, 10th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.

Competitions

 * Turing test page.
 * Loebner Prize competition.
 * Unsupervised segmentation of words into morphemes competition.

Journals

 * AI, CogSci & Robotics journal list
 * Kluver AI and NN journals (AI, AI Review, Machine Learning, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, J. of Intelligent Information Systems, Neural Processing Lett, Minds & Machines etc)
 * IEEE Intelligent Systems Intelligence Technologies Journal
 * Knowledge and Information Systems  Expert Systems With Applications (Pergamon)
 * Unstructured Information Managemenet, IBM Systems Journal

Books

 * IR+IE book list
 * Applied Intelligence (Kluver), text mining issue
 * Computational Linguistics: Models, Resources, Applications
 * From Molecule to Metaphor: A Neural Theory of Language
 * Information retrieval book by C. J. van Rijsbergen
 * Information retrieval - book
 * Modern Information Retrieval, book by Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Berthier Ribeiro-Neto
 * Knowledge Representation book - John Sowa  KR ontology using formal concept analysis on a lattice
 * Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing - Chris Manning and Heinrich Schütze  New IR book!
 * Word Sense Disambiguation book

Papers

 * Proceedings of many ACL workshops and conferences!
 * IR+IE online conference proceedings list
 * IR+IE PhD/MSc related work list
 * Web IR+IE selected publications
 * Text Mining, J. Chen PhD thesis
 * Word Sense Disambiguation Wiki page with good references.

Labs and a few IR/NLP experts

 * IR+IE people list  IR+IE working groups list
 * Microsoft NLP  MindNet Project   Conversation: Quartet and Deep Listner
 * Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, CIIR
 * Cognitive Machines, situated cognition, language grounding, Deb Roy at MIT Lab
 * Human Language Technology Research Inst, Dallas Uni, S. Harabagiu
 * N. Ide (Vassar), semantic web, NLP.
 * S. Johnson (Columbia), NLP in biomedical domains.
 * Mark Light, IR papers, question answering, biosciences
 * Linguistic Modelling Department (LMD), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
 * Friedman Nir, Bayesian belief networks, learning
 * Ontotext, Sirma Group lab for knowledge processing and representation (KR) and linguistics (CL/NLP), Bulgaria  PROTON and KIMO ontologies, upper-level concepts necessary for semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval.
 * James W. Pennebaker, UoTexas, Austin, medical NLP, psychology of word use, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software.
 * Steffen Staab, Koblenz, Semantic Web
 * Y. Wilks (Sheffield), dialogue systems, pragmatics, lexicons.
 * UAMIS AI Group, Hsinchun Chen, many interesting projects
 * Scott Weiss, Johns Hopkins University, with IR glossary
 * Sheffield NLP - many projects
 * Wlodarczyk Andre, Sorbonne, semantic investigations project, some linguistic tools.
 * Latent Semantic Analysis (Boulder)
 * Latent Semantic Indexing (Tennesee)
 * WebMining PL - SPSS

Wordnet-related Projects

 * Use Wordnet  Wordnet, "an online lexical reference system whose design is inspired by current psycholinguistic theories of human lexical memory. English nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept".
 * The Global WordNet Association, a platform for discussing, sharing and connecting wordnets for all languages in the world.
 * Euro WordNet, building a multilingual database with wordnets for several European languages.
 * Senseval, evaluate Word-Sense-Disambiguation systems with wordnet or wordnet-like resources.
 * EUROTERM, extends the EuroWordNet database with specialized terminology
 * Polish WordNet, slowosiec.
 * BALKANET, EuroWordNet for more European languages: Czech, Romanian, Greek, Turkish, Bulgarian, and Serbian.
 * MEANING, EuroWordNet with sense-tagged corpora extracted from the WWW and word-sense-disambiguation modules
 * Wordmind - list all uses of a word in Wordnet
 * Perl access to WordNet
 * Lucene WordNet tools
 * WordNet::similarity
 * Augmented and Sense-clustered Wordnets, Rion Snow (Stanford)
 * WN Query Data

Wikipedia-related Projects

 * Evgeniy Gabrilovich, Yahoo, used Wikipedia for concept representation enhancement.

Other very ambitious projects

 * Hamburg Metaphor Database, a project where metaphoric relations in wordnet are explored and encoded: Hamburg Metaphor Database or Hamburger Metapherndatenbank.
 * Ai (Israel), Hal, child machine MegaHAL project, started by Jason Hutchens - grow baby brain by talking to it! Current state - 18 month old, makes 2-3 word sentences in proper context, but will it ever grow? This project seems to be dead already.
 * CANIS, Interspace, Medspace projects - solving the problem of deep semantics
 * ConceptNet, commonsense knowledgebase and natural-language-processing toolkit, from the Open Mind initiative.
 * Software Agents MIT Group using ConceptNet  Common Sense questions to collect info.
 * CYC project, Cycorp, Inc has NLP components + common sense ontology
 * EcoCyc/MetaCyc project, P. Karp, Stanford, is used to build biological cell models from text information
 * FASTUS, Finite State Automa-based Text Understanding System (Appelt)
 * FrameNet, on-line lexical resource for English, based on frame semantics.
 * HAL - High Dimensional Semantic Space  Curt Burgess homepage
 * High Dimensional Semantic Spaces
 * High Performance Knowledge Bases (HPKB), and other projects of DARPA
 * Honda Open Mind Indoor Commons Sense
 * HowNet, English and Chinese
 * iCub baby robot should learn language at the 2-year's old level.
 * LifeNet, First-Person Commonsense.
 * Multicentric Technology, computer-aided thinking
 * Mindpixel
 * Shruti, reflexive reasoning network
 * Ontolingua and Chimaera Projects, Stanford.
 * Standard Upper Ontology Working Group (SUO WG), formal first order logic ontology linked to WordNet
 * Semantic Web
 * The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology portal  Sigma project on SourceForge, tools for SUMO
 * KSMSA ontology browser (SUMO, Wordnet)
 * The Multi-Source Ontology (MSO)
 * National Center for Biomedical Ontology. list of many ontologies, vizualization
 * Open Biomedical Ontologies for bioinformatics

Semantic Web projects

 * Friend of a Friend (FOAF)
 * Knowledge Web EU Project
 * Semantic Web Challenge
 * Semantic Organizer

Other projects of interest

 * ACE - Automatic Content Extraction, NIST
 * ADIOS - Automatic DIstillation of Structure - Solan, Horn, Ruppin and Edelman
 * Biomine, linking concepts found in literatures.
 * CS AKTive Space explorer for investigating CS research in UK.
 * GATE, architecture, framework, development environment.
 * Latent Semantic Analysis FAQ
 * MUSE - a MUlti-Source Entity finder
 * Word associations learned from answers
 * Eye-to-IT, development of Human-Computer Monitoring and Feedback Systems for the Purposes of Studying Cognition and Translation (FP6 project).

Agents

 * Learning Intelligent Book Recommending Agent
 * Prody Parrot, personal assistant from MindMaker
 * Talking Buddy
 * SciAgent for Multidisciplinary Problem Solving Environments
 * Survey of Cognitive and Agent Architectures

Virtual humans & avatars

 * Virtual Friends demos (Haptek)
 * Virtual Bush (Haptek)
 * Pulse 3D Veepers, Virtual Personality
 * Sitepal flash characters
 * Speak2me flash
 * Oddcast animated characters
 * AI oddcast
 * Sports trivia game
 * Vhost flash characters
 * Ms Dewey animated character
 * CogWorks Virtual People news
 * Digital Space Worlds
 * Active worlds
 * John Lennon
 * Virtual worlds company
 * Talking heads in java
 * Center for Human Modeling and Simulation
 * Steven Stahlberg gallery
 * Virtual Humans, Peter Plantec
 * Artificial-life, mobile phone bots
 * Artificial-life Bot-me
 * their e-learning portal

Bots (chatterbots)

 * 123-Bots
 * Agentland
 * BotSpot (lista botow)
 * Chatterbot challenge
 * Chatbots.org (full body)
 * InteractiveStory good links
 * Personality forge, chatterbot collection
 * Simon Laven bots, many!
 * Arthur, with source code
 * Conversive Application Platform, Agents and dialog system
 * DELCA Ghosts, specialized
 * e-brain jako sprzedawca
 * Icogno, nice examples, based on Jabberwacky
 * Simon w e-brain
 * Talk to Alice and AIML
 * Botizen
 * Jabberwacky
 * Jabberwock
 * Chat-bot
 * Nicole
 * Ramona
 * SmarterChild
 * Start (MIT)
 * Ultrahall Assistant
 * Artificial Solutions (Kiwi Logic Lingubots)
 * Intelliwise (nice graphics)

Beyond bots

 * Amities, Automated Multilingual Interaction with Information and Services
 * FASiL, Flexible and Adaptive Spoken Language and Multi-modal Interface for Virtual Personal Assistant (VPA)
 * Marek Kasperski: Aibotworld
 * Sztuczna inteligencja
 * Kognitywistyka.net

Bayesian Networks

 * Air Force BayesNet
 * Int. Soc. for Bayesian Analysis
 * ASA Section on Bayesian Statistical Sciences
 * Bayesian networks meta-resource  * Bayesian belief networks

Computational biology and bioinformatics applications

 * Martin Tompa, Washington (sequences)
 * HMM for Proteins
 * HMM tutorials
 * Genes and disease (molecular biology book chapter)

Emotions from text

 * Emotus Ponens, MIT Lab textual affect sensing, based on Concept Net.

IR Web interfaces

 * Web Intelligence Consortium (WIC)
 * European Network for Intelligent Information Interfaces
 * European Network of Excellence in Text Mining, NEMIS
 * UAMIS AI Group, Hsinchun Chen - OOHAY web visualization

IR systems demonstrations

 * ISYS search software
 * Acrophile, acronym database.
 * Eliyon, business employes, automatic content generation.
 * Flipdog, job search.

Knowledge Modeling, Ontology

 * Ontology intro (Wikipedia)
 * Ontology
 * TOP Ontology Page
 * DAML Ontology Library
 * KQML or the Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language
 * CMU Web => KB project
 * WebKB knowledge base servers
 * Swoogle search over 10.000 ontologies
 * NeuroOK document classification, annotation and search, multilinguial.
 * Andrew McCallum group, "to mine actionable knowledge from unstructured text", includes Bow, Rainbow and Mallet text classification systems. http://imagenotion.com/

Specific domain ontologies

 * ACM Classification Scheme
 * Animal diversity
 * Mathematics Subject Classification
 * Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme
 * Wiki classification systems
 * Library of Congress Authorities, search for subject headings.

Topic Maps

 * Wikipedia topic maps entry
 * Topic maps wiki page
 * XML Topic maps
 * K42 Topic maps
 * Recognizing Textual Entailment: ACL Web Wiki info
 * Pascal competition
 * Concept Maps, based on constructivist's learning ideas: Wikipedia concept map entry
 * Conceptual structures
 * Conceptual graphs
 * Concept mapping
 * IHMC Concept mapping tools
 * Wiki concept mapping page
 * Wiki software
 * Online Course in Knowledge Representation using Conceptual Graphs
 * TexFlame, from Pubmed to concept maps.

Other Knowledge Maps

 * Conceptual graphs (Wikipedia)
 * Conceptual schemas
 * Facet maps
 * Knowledge maps (Wikipedia)
 * Knowledge visualization (Wikipedia)
 * Mind mapping (Wikipedia)
 * Semantic networks (Wikipedia)
 * Semantic web (Wikipedia)
 * Visual complexity projects
 * Web trend map
 * Leximancer, automatic analysis of document collections, taxonomy discovery.

Knowledge management

 * Knowledge Computing Corporation, Coplink system
 * CCI, Conversational Computing Inc, legal systems, dialog, NLP news/info
 * ERNEST is a knowledge representation language, based on semantic networks

Lexicons

 * One Look (870 dictionaries)
 * 400 On-line Dictionaries
 * Word reference
 * Lingo Z
 * Wortschatz Lexicon, Uni. Lepizig.
 * Visual Thesaurus
 * Webster's Unabridged 1913
 * WWWebster Thesaurus
 * Roget's Thesaurus
 * Roget's Thesaurus - from Project Gutenberg
 * The Wordsmyth English Dictionary-Thesaurus
 * Synonym/antonym Dictionary of English
 * Eurodicautom (transl. in 8 languages)
 * Onet dictionaries
 * Free dictionary

Medical and biomedical systems

 * National Library of Medicine (NLM) NIH: Semantic Knowledge Representation (SKR), NIH
 * SKR Bibliography
 * Unified Medical Language System
 * UMLS alternative list,
 * UMLS biography 1986-96
 * UMLS 1990-2002 list
 * MetaMap Transfer (MMTx)
 * Indexing Initiative Systems
 * Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD)
 * Lexical system group, National Library of Medicine
 * Semantic network, NLM
 * Medical resources on the web, 2005 update
 * Medical Reference For Non-Medical Librarians
 * Medstract, Medline abstract, Brandeis University
 * Anni, ontology-based interface to Medline
 * Cochrane Collaboration, healthcare decision-making through systematic reviews of the effects, Evidence-based Health Care  * Cochrane Schizophrenia Group
 * BioSemantic Group, Medical Informatics, Leiden University, software and papers
 * Jane - search for referees
 * Health Level 7" XML standard
 * Health Cyber Map
 * Knowlet technology, Knewco, Community Annotation and Knowledge Tracking and Discovery.
 * Language and Computing medical systems
 * Medical acronyms, over 200K, with 800K definitions!
 * Medical language processor for automatic text processing and presentation, Sourceforge project.
 * Morphosaurus, mapping to standardized medical dictionary in any langauge.
 * Semantic Mining, biomedical, EU network.

Question answering systems

 * Wolfram Alpha
 * AnswerBus
 * ASU Q/A Demo
 * BrainBoost NLP search
 * JAVELIN II, CMU project
 * Language Computer, LCC, top 2004 Q/A system
 * MIT Start project
 * NSIR QA system
 * WebQA: A Fast and Simple QA System
 * Wondir sending questions to people!
 * My[QBox], providing question answering software for Web pages.
 * HOMEY, Intelligent Dialog System for telemedicine
 * Spoken Dialogue Technology : Resources

NLP Tools: Taggers, Parsers, NER, NP chunking, Language models

 * NLP Stanford tools links
 * English Collocations - ARCS
 * Oxford Collocations Dictionary
 * Phrases in English (BNC)
 * Probabilistic parsing links
 * Link Grammar
 * Link Grammar Parser
 * Living human digital library, services + software for research community in biomechanical modelling, sharing datasets, models etc.
 * Memory-based tagger
 * Multilingual Statistical Parsing Engine, Dan Bikel
 * NLP Software Registry (at DFKI)
 * MinorThird, Java for text annotation, extraction, categorization (William W. Cohen)
 * VisualText, general development enviroment for NLP
 * Knewco, has Concept Web semantically enhanced compilations of knowledge from unstructured text, medical concept net navigator.
 * Knowledge Media Institute (KMi), part of the Open University,
 * current projects and software tools:
 * AquaLog, a portable question-answering system for organizational ontologies
 * Compendium, a software tool for mapping information, ideas and arguments
 * CORDER, COmunity Relation Discovery by named Entity Recognition
 * ESpotter, Adaptive Named Entity Recognition for Web Browsing
 * FLOR, FoLksonomy Ontology enRichment
 * The Internet Reasoning Service (IRS) Semantic Web Services framework
 * KCE - Key Concept Extraction, identifying concepts that summarize what the ontology is about  * Magpie, ontology-based semantic markup of web documents
 * OntoWeaver, an ontology-based approach to web development
 * PhiloSURFical, Semantically browse a philosophical text
 * PowerAqua, NLP Interface to the Semantic Web
 * Revyu, to review and rate anything you want
 * SemSearch Search Engine for the Semantic Web
 * KMi semantic web automated semantic data integration
 * Watson, Exploring the Semantic Web
 * MnM Ontology Driven Semi-Automatic and Automatic Support for Semantic Web
 * OCML Operational Conceptual Modelling Language
 * PlanetOnto news server, facilitates lab-related items
 * WebOnto, browse and edit knowledge models over the web.

Word games

 * 20q net - 20 questions game
 * 20 questions game
 * 20 questions about animals
 * Darth Vader reads your mind
 * Edict word games
 * Creative Language System Group (UC Dublin), word games
 * ESP, Verbosity and other games (CMU), great

Interesting Search Systems

 * Links to various search engines and catalogs
 * Carrot2 (Dawid Weiss, Poznan)
 * UIMA, Unstructured Information Management Architecture (IBM), open platform for building unstructured information and knowledge management applications (released 8/2005)

Various

 * DFAs: Languages and Learning
 * IR in Chemistry
 * IR in Chemistry
 * Edict Word Frequency Text Profiler, Unique Words Text Profiler and concordancer

Visualization of texts and documents

 * Tools for visualization from CAIDA.org
 * Visual Browsing in Web and non-Web Databases
 * Citespace - visualizes evolution of a network
 * Chaomei Chen info visualization
 * Infomap - info mapping project (Stanford)
 * Inxight - drzewo hiperboliczne, hiperbolic tree (commercial)
 * NeurOK semantic explorer
 * Semantic Atlas, English and French
 * Touchgraph, link trees via Web interfaces (free), including Interent links java applet
 * Thinkmap, taxonomy browsers
 * WEBSOM - free-text mining
 * WebSOM, PhD Timo Honkela  Astronomical journals and catalogues: removed.
 * SOM digital library project
 * Internet topology visualizations
 * The Internet Mapping Project (Lumeta)
 * Nonlinear Magnification InfoCenter
 * Course on info visualization, Fall 2005-2006, Tamara Munzner, UBC; includes software and data links

Machine translation & NLP

 * 28 systems and 38 languages: Foreignword.com
 * EAMT(European Association for MT)
 * Center for Machine Translation (CMU)
 * Interactive Speech Translation
 * Microsoft MT projects
 * Systran Corporation
 * WOCADI, based on Multinet, Hartrumpf, Hagen
 * MT intro, book by Doug Arnold
 * Language Force
 * Global English (translations, lessons)
 * Translation Experts (25 languages )
 * Machine Translation (Kluver Journal)
 * Subjex dialog systems
 * Systran translation software
 * MT Introductory Guide (book!)
 * START natural language system (SynTactic Analysis using Reversible Transformations)
 * Lernout and Haspie
 * Alta Vista Babel fish
 * Free Translation
 * InterTran (PL + inne)
 * Reverso, free online translation
 * Systran
 * T-mail (europ + ros, jap, kor, chin ...)
 * WorldLingo's free online translator

Commercial NLP

 * TEMIS, text mining, extration, semantic solutions
 * Vantage learning, web-delivered instructional, assessment and professional development programs.

= Other Resources = ---
 * AI and Machine Learning
 * Cognitive science
 * Computational Intelligence